Medico Knowledge

 CHEMICAL METHODS OF DISINFECTION  Disinfectants are those chemicals that destroy pathogenic bacteria from inanimate surfaces. Different disinfectants have different target ranges. Some chemical have very narrow spectrum of activity and some have very wide. Those chemicals that can be safely applied over skin and mucus membranes are called antiseptics. Bacteriostatic chemicals are those inhibit multiplication of bacteria without killing them. Bactericidal is that chemical that can kill or inactivate bacteria. Mode of action of various Chemical Disinfectants include. Protein coagulation, disruption of cell membrane, enzyme damage etc.  Different chemicals used as disinfectants   ALCOHOLS : E.g.: Ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and methyl alcohol.70% ethyl alcohol (spirit) is used as antiseptic on skin.  ALDEHYDES E.g.: Formaldehyde, and Glutaraldehyde 40% Formaldehyde (formalin) is used for surface disinfection and fumigation operation theatres, biological...

 Renal function tests, also known as kidney function tests, are a group of laboratory tests that provide valuable information about the functioning and health of the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall balance by filtering waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood, regulating blood pressure, and producing hormones that stimulate red blood cell production. Renal function tests evaluate various aspects of kidney function, including filtration rate, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and the presence of any abnormalities or diseases affecting the kidneys. These tests are typically ordered by healthcare professionals to assess kidney function, diagnose kidney disorders, monitor the progression of kidney disease, or evaluate the effectiveness of treatments. Some common renal function tests include: 1. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): BUN is a measure of the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood. Urea is a waste product formed dur...

  Why is the number of diabetic patients increasing in today's situation? The increasing prevalence of diabetes in recent years can be attributed to several factors. While it is important to note that this response is based on information available up until September 2021, it provides a comprehensive understanding of the reasons behind the high number of diabetic patients. 1. Sedentary Lifestyle: The modern lifestyle has become increasingly sedentary due to technological advancements, automation, and a shift toward desk jobs. Lack of physical activity has led to a rise in obesity rates, which is a significant risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. 2. Unhealthy Diets: The consumption of unhealthy diets high in processed foods, refined sugars, unhealthy fats, and low in fruits and vegetables has become more prevalent. These dietary habits contribute to obesity and increase the risk of developing diabetes. 3. Obesity Epidemic: Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. Ex...

                                                   Rheumatoid Factor Test The rheumatoid factor (RF) test is an important blood test that is used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to differentiate it from other forms of arthritis. RF is an antibody that is produced by the immune system in response to inflammation and tissue damage in the joints.   While RF can be found in the blood of some people without RA, it is present in the majority of people with the disease. Therefore, the presence of RF in the blood, along with other clinical and laboratory findings, can be used to make a diagnosis of RA.   It's important to note, however, that a negative RF test does not rule out RA, as up to 30% of people with RA have a negative RF result. In addition, a positive RF test can also be seen in other conditions, such as infections, autoimm...

  The Importance of Knowing Your Blood Group     blood being labeled with the letters A, B, or O.     "Your blood group is one of the most important pieces of information about your body. Knowing your blood group can help save your life, or the life of someone else."   "Blood groups are determined by the presence or absence of certain proteins on the surface of your red blood cells. There are four main blood groups: A, B, AB, and O."     "Blood groups are important because they determine who can receive blood from whom. For example, if you have type A blood, you can only receive blood from someone with type A or type O blood. If you have type B blood, you can only receive blood from someone with type B or type O blood."   "In an emergency, it's important to know your blood group so that doctors can quickly give you the right type of blood if you need a transfusion." "Blood groups are inherited, which means that yo...

                                        ORGANS AND SYSTEMS                                     ORGANS OF THE BODY  An organ is a group of tissues arranged in a certain way to carry out a specific function e.g. stomach, heart, kidneys. The human body is a highly developed multicel oly lular organism containing various organs which perform different functions. The organs are again grouped to and gether to form systems.  SYSTEMS OF  THE BODY  A system is a group of organs which together carry out one of the essential functions of the body. The following are some important systems.  1. Skeletal system: It is formed by bones. It provides a frame work for the body.Also, it protects the soft tissues and allows movements at joints.  2. Muscular system: It is made of numerous mus...